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Low-GWP and High-Temperature Heat Pumps
Using hydrocarbons as refrigerants is not new. Propane, under the moniker R290, has been around for many years as an efficient thermal transfer medium. Likewise with Isobutane; R600a. The reason hydrocarbon refrigerants are not more widely used is due to their flammability and explosive risk. Nevertheless, hydrocarbons have excellent thermodynamic properties, meaning their prevalence is…
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Technical Update – Vertical farming
Vertical farming emerged in a gradual way. Growers, experimenting with the opportunities presented by new technologies, added an upper layer of plants; this robbed the original layer of daylight, so lighting was provided beneath the upper layer; and the farm became vertical. Further layers were added. As progressively more artificial light was provided, with only…
